Proctoscopy

Overview

A proctoscopy, also known as a rigid sigmoidoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure used to examine the inside of the anus and rectum. This examination is typically performed to investigate issues such as hemorrhoids, polyps, tumors, bleeding, or inflammation.

During the procedure, a gastroenterologist uses a proctoscope—a straight, hollow tube made of plastic or metal, sometimes equipped with a small light at the end. The proctoscope allows for a detailed inspection of the rectum and can also accommodate tools for collecting tissue samples for biopsy.

The rectum, the final section of the lower gastrointestinal tract ending at the anus, serves as a storage area for feces until it is ready to be expelled. The rectum has the ability to expand and contract, creating the sensation of needing to defecate as it fills.

Reasons for undergoing the procedure

A proctoscopy is performed to:

• Identify any issues in the anus or rectum.
• Locate the source of anal bleeding.
• Investigate the cause of constipation or diarrhea.
• Remove or monitor growths or polyps.
• Screen for colon cancer or follow up on previously treated rectal cancer.

Risks

The risks associated with proctoscopy are minimal. However, there is a possibility of rectal bleeding if the proctoscope is inserted or if the lining of the rectum becomes irritated. Additionally, there is a small risk of infection following the procedure. These complications are rare.

Before the procedure

Thoroughly cleaning the rectum is the most important step in preparing for a proctoscopy. Properly emptying the rectum makes it easier for the doctor to conduct a clear and accurate examination.

Your doctor will recommend the best method for rectal cleaning based on your individual needs. Many doctors suggest using an enema to remove waste. It’s essential to follow the instructions provided carefully to ensure a successful procedure.

During the procedure

A proctoscopy can be carried out in a medical facility or in an outpatient clinic. The majority of proctoscopy exams don’t need anesthetic.

The proctoscope will be carefully inserted after the doctor does a preliminary rectal exam with a gloved, lubricated finger. You could feel like you need to move your bowels while the scope is cautiously and slowly passed through. You may experience some cramping or fullness because air is pushed into your bowel to improve the doctor’s visibility using the proctoscope. Usually, there is minimal discomfort experienced throughout the process.

Outcome

You may receive immediate feedback on your proctoscopy results from the doctor performing the procedure. However, if a biopsy was taken, the tissue sample will be sent to a laboratory for analysis. This process may take a few days to several weeks. Your doctor will contact you to discuss the biopsy results, either by phone or by scheduling an appointment.

Depending on the findings, you might need further tests or treatments.