Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

Overview

CVID, known as Common Variable Immunodeficiency, is a genetic condition that impacts the immune system, leading to reduced levels of infection–fighting proteins. Those affected by CVID often experience recurrent infections in the ears, sinuses, and respiratory system. Additionally, this disorder heightens the potential for developing digestive complications and cancer. The insufficient presence of these antibodies in the body can result in frequent infections. 

CVID is categorized as a primary immunodeficiency disease (PIDD), which comprises a group of genetic disorders characterized by impaired immune system function. 

When CVID is diagnosed, physicians typically prescribe immunoglobulin (IgG) replacement therapy with the aim of preventing infections. 

Symptoms 

Symptoms of CVID vary for each individual and can range from mild to severe. Certain signs and symptoms of CVID include: 

• Difficulty breathing 
• Chronic cough 
• Diarrhea leading to weight loss. 
• Ear infections 
• Recurrent sinus infections 
• Recurrent lung infections 
• Recurrent gastrointestinal infections 

Causes  

The exact cause of CVID is not known in most cases. About 10% of individuals with CVID have a recognized genetic mutation. Experts think that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of the condition. However, the specific environmental factors involved are currently not well–defined.

Risk factors 

CVID might start during childhood or adolescence, but it often goes unnoticed until adulthood. Typically, doctors identify this disorder when a person is between 20 and 50 years old.