Sepsis

Diagnosis

Doctors frequently order multiple tests to identify underlying infections.

Blood tests

Blood samples are utilized for testing for:

• Proof of infection.
• Issues in clotting blood.
• Abnormal kidney or liver function.
• Abnormal electrolyte levels.
• Oxygen levels below what the body requires.

Other tests

Other laboratory tests to identify the source of the infection may involve samples of:

• Urine.
• Saliva and mucus from the respiratory system.
• Fluid coming from the wound.

Imaging tests

If the site of infection is not readily found, your doctor may order additional tests. Some examples of imaging tests include:

• X-ray. X-rays can reveal lung infections.
• Ultrasound. This device projects real-time graphics onto a television screen using sound waves. Kidney and gallbladder infections can be detected by ultrasound.
• Computerized Tomography (CT). This device combines X-rays taken at different angles to display cross-sectional slices of the interior of the body. Computed tomography (CT) scans make infections in the liver, pancreas, or other abdominal organs more visible.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This device creates cross-sectional or three-dimensional images by using radio waves and a powerful magnet. Infections of the soft tissues or bones might benefit from it.

Treatment

Timely and thorough treatment enhances the prospects of recovery. People with sepsis necessitate vigilant observation and care in a hospital’s intensive care unit. This is crucial as they may require life-saving interventions to stabilize their breathing and heart functionality.

Medications

Various medications are used in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock. They include:

• Fluids added to veins. Intravenous fluids are administered as soon as possible.
• Vasopressors. Vasopressors constrict blood vessels and help raise blood pressure. A vasopressor medication may be used if blood pressure remains low even after receiving fluids.
• Antibiotics. Treatment with antibiotics should commence as soon as possible. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are effective against a variety of bacteria, are often initiated initially. Once blood test results reveal the specific germ causing the infection, the initial antibiotic may be replaced with a second one that targets the specific germ.

Other medications may be employed, such as insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, or painkillers.

Surgery

Surgery may be necessary to remove sources of infection, such as pus, infected tissues, or necrotic tissues.

Supportive care

Supportive care, including oxygen therapy, is commonly provided to individuals with sepsis. In severe cases, mechanical ventilation may be necessary to assist breathing. Those experiencing compromised kidney function due to the infection may require dialysis.