Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Diagnosis

A specific test for identifying ARDS does not exist. Diagnosis of ARDS is typically established through a combination of physical examination, chest X-ray imaging, and assessment of oxygen levels. Furthermore, it is crucial to exclude other medical conditions and ailments that may present similar symptoms, including certain cardiac disorders, in order to get an accurate diagnosis.

Imaging

• Chest X-ray. The amount of fluid in your lungs, where it is located, and if your heart is enlarged can all be seen on a chest X-ray.
• Computerized Tomography (CT). A CT scan creates cross-sectional pictures of interior organs by combining X-ray images captured from numerous angles. CT scans can give precise details on the internal structures of the heart and lungs.

Lab tests

Your level of oxygen can be determined through a test utilizing blood from an artery in your wrist. Other blood tests can look for indicators of anemia or an infection. Secretions from your airway may be analyzed to identify the infection’s origin if your doctor suspects you have a lung infection.

Heart tests

Your doctor may recommend undergoing heart tests listed below because the symptoms of ARDS can resemble those of certain heart conditions:

• Electrocardiogram. The heart’s electrical activity is monitored during this painless examination. A number of hooked sensors are attached to your body in this process.
• Echocardiogram. This test, a cardiac ultrasonography, can identify issues with the structure and operation of your heart.

Treatment

Improving blood oxygen levels is the first crucial step in the treatment of ARDS. Without sufficient oxygen, proper functioning of your organs becomes compromised.

Oxygen

To increase the amount of oxygen in your bloodstream, your doctor is likely to employ the following methods:

• Supplemental oxygen. Through a mask that snugly covers your nose and mouth, oxygen may be administered for less severe symptoms or as a temporary solution.
• Mechanical ventilation. The majority of ARDS patients will need mechanical breathing assistance. While pumping air into your lungs, a mechanical ventilator forces some of the fluid out of the air sacs.

Fluids

Managing intravenous fluid levels is of utmost importance in ARDS treatment. Excessive fluid retention can exacerbate lung congestion, potentially worsening the condition. Conversely, inadequate fluid balance can lead to stress and shock in vital organs, including the heart. Striking the right balance is crucial to ensure optimal outcomes.

Medication

Medication is typically given to people with ARDS to:

• Prevent pulmonary and leg blood clots.
• Treat infections and prevent them.
• Sedate
• Manage pain, and discomfort.
• Reduce gastric reflux