Bladder stones

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of bladder stones often begins with discussing the symptoms, assessing the medical history, and performing a physical examination. During the physical exam, the doctor is likely to perform a rectal exam to see if the prostate is enlarged or examine the lower part of the abdomen to see whether the bladder is distended.

The doctor may require additional tests, such as:

• Urine test: This test will look for evidence of a urinary tract infection or blood in the urine. A urine sample is taken and analyzed for tiny bladder stones, blood, and bacteria.
• Computed tomography (CT) scan: This is one of the most accurate tests for detecting all types of bladder stones and it may find even the smallest of stones. X-ray and computers, which can provide fast and clear images, are utilized in this procedure.
• Ultrasound: This can provide clear images of the bladder. It can reveal the size, shape, and location of bladder stones. Ultrasound uses sound waves to create comprehensive images of the organs and other structures in the body.
• X-ray: Although not all stones are visible on standard X-rays, it can help confirm the presence of stones in the kidney, ureter, and bladder.

Treatment

There are several ways a bladder stone can be removed. The doctor may recommend surgical removal or other procedures. Lifestyle changes, especially drinking plenty of water, may aid this condition. A person can reduce his or her risk by drinking enough water. Water dilutes the minerals in the urine, making them less prone to clump and form stones. For some small stones, it may naturally pass. However, in most cases, removal is necessary.

• Cystolitholapaxy: This is a surgical technique used to treat bladder stones. During the procedure, a cystoscope is inserted into the bladder to identify the bladder stone or stones. The stone is then broken into little pieces using a laser, ultrasound, or other equipment and then flushed from the bladder. The cystoscope usually requires administering numbing medicine or general anesthesia to render the patient to sleep.
• Surgery: Surgery may be necessary if the bladder stones are caused by a bladder outlet obstruction or an enlarged prostate. These issues must be addressed concurrently. Open surgery may also be recommended for large stones and those that are too difficult to break up by cystolitholapaxy. During surgery, an incision in the abdomen is done to remove the stones.