Broken heart syndrome

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of broken heart syndrome involves reviewing an individual’s medical history, conducting a physical examination, and discussing any significant stressors or potential triggers. It is important to note that prior to being diagnosed with broken heart syndrome, most people do not exhibit any signs of heart disease. Due to the similarity of symptoms to a heart attack, broken heart syndrome is often diagnosed in an emergency or hospital setting.

To confirm the diagnosis, several tests may be required such as:

• Blood tests: Individuals with broken heart syndrome often exhibit elevated levels of cardiac enzymes in their blood.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): This swift test measures the heart’s electrical activity. Electrodes, attached to the chest and sometimes the arms and legs, collect data transmitted to a computer for analysis. ECG results for broken heart syndrome differ from those of a heart attack, providing a distinctive pattern.
• Coronary angiogram: Performed to rule out a heart attack, this examination assesses the presence of blockages in the heart’s arteries. By inserting a thin, flexible tube (catheter) into a blood vessel, typically in the groin or wrist, healthcare providers guide it to the heart. A contrast dye is then injected, enabling clear X-ray imaging and video visualization of the arteries.
• Echocardiogram: Using sound waves, this test generates images of the heart in motion, enabling observation of blood flow and heart valve function. It can identify abnormalities such as an enlarged heart or unusual shape, indicating potential broken heart syndrome.
• Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This procedure employs magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the heart, providing additional information for diagnosis.

Treatment

Broken heart syndrome does not have a standardized treatment, and initial care typically follows heart attack protocols until a definite diagnosis is made. Hospitalization is common during the recovery process, and most individuals tend to recover fully within approximately a month. A follow-up echocardiogram is conducted around 4 to 6 weeks after the initial symptoms to ensure complete heart recovery.

After diagnosing broken heart syndrome as the underlying cause of the symptoms, medications are often prescribed to alleviate the strain on the heart and prevent future episodes.

These medications may include:

• Aspirin: Used to enhance circulation and prevent the formation of blood clots.
• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: These medications help lower blood pressure and combat inflammation in the body.
• Beta-blockers: Administered to slow down the heart rate.
• Diuretics: Prescribed to reduce fluid buildup in the body.