Bronchiolitis

Diagnosis

The process of diagnosing bronchiolitis typically starts with inquiring about the duration of the child’s illness, the presence of a fever, and potential exposure to a sick individual. The healthcare provider will then carefully observe the child’s symptoms and conduct a thorough examination of the lungs.

The lungs are typically assessed by using a stethoscope during the examination. To measure the oxygen levels in the child’s blood, a painless electronic device called a pulse oximeter may be placed on the fingertips or toes. Further diagnostic tests are typically reserved for situations where there is a risk of severe bronchiolitis, worsening symptoms, or if the doctor suspects an other condition.

In addition, the healthcare provider may assess for signs of dehydration, especially if the child has exhibited refusal to drink or eat, or has experienced vomiting. Symptoms of dehydration can include dry mouth and skin, excessive fatigue, and decreased or no urine output.

Additional tests to further assess bronchiolitis may include:

• Chest X-ray: The presence of pneumonia can be ruled out through a chest X-ray.
• Virus detection: This is performed by gently inserting a swab into the nose. A sample of mucus is obtained for testing. The virus causing the condition can be identified through this.
• Blood tests: A blood test can detect low oxygen levels in the child’s circulation. A blood test can check if there is a rise in white blood cells which is usually indicative of the body’s battle against infection.

Treatment

Usually, bronchiolitis does not require treatment. Instead, adequate hydration for the child is advised. The most painful uncomfortable stage of bronchiolitis may last seven to ten days. Days three to five are frequently the most difficult. It is critical to be on the lookout for worsening breathing issues.

Antibiotics are ineffective against this viral infection. Bacterial infections, such as pneumonia or ear infections, can occur in conjunction with bronchiolitis. In this scenario, the child’s pediatrician may prescribe an antibiotic to treat the bacterial illness.

Most children with bronchiolitis can be treated at home using comfort measures. To thin mucus, people can use saline nasal drops, which the doctor or pharmacy may recommend. If the baby is 6 months or younger, one can use a suction bulb to remove mucus from his or her nose. For fever, children can take the appropriate acetaminophen dose for their age. They may also have a reduced appetite, so offering smaller portions of food or liquid at a time and increasing the frequency of feeding can be beneficial.

In severe circumstances, the healthcare provider may administer a nebulized albuterol medication to see if it helps manage the condition. During this treatment, a machine sprays a thin mist of medicine into the child’s lungs.

There is no substantial evidence supporting the effectiveness of oral corticosteroid medicines and chest pounding (chest physiotherapy) for treating bronchiolitis. As a result, these treatments are not recommended for managing this condition.

Hospital care

Hospitalization may be necessary for a small percentage of children who require oxygen therapy or intravenous (IV) fluids. To ensure sufficient oxygen levels in the blood, children may be required to wear a face mask. In order to prevent dehydration, fluids may be administered through a vein to keep the child adequately hydrated. In severe cases of bronchiolitis, a medical professional may recommend the use of a tube inserted into the windpipe to assist with breathing.

Although bronchiolitis is generally a treatable condition, it can, in rare cases, lead to respiratory failure and potentially be fatal.