Diagnosis
The following tests may be performed to diagnose floor of the mouth cancer:
- Physical examination. The doctor will perform a physical assessment and interview the patient about the signs and symptoms, as well as medical history.
- Tissue biopsy. A sample of the suspected cancer tissue from the floor of the mouth will be taken by the doctor and sent to the laboratory to evaluate for cancer cells.
- Imaging tests. Computed Tomography (CT) scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan may be recommended by the specialist to know the extent of cancer and if it has spread.
- Specialist evaluations. The patient will be suggested to consult a nutritionist, speech therapist and swallowing therapy specialists to evaluate the disease.
Treatment
These are the treatments available for floor of the mouth cancer:
- Surgery. Surgery may be performed to remove the cancer, the extent of surgery will based on the size, type, location and how far the tumor has spread. And moreover, if lymph nodes are involved, they may be taken out and evaluate by the laboratory whether if there is any further spreading of cancer.
- Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy utilize high-powered beams through X-ray or protons to destroy cancer cells. If the floor of the mouth cancer is small, radiation may be an option. Radiation therapy can also be used after surgery to eradicate any remaining cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy. Medication are used in chemotherapy to kill cancer cells. This is commonly used after surgery when treating floor of the mouth cancer to destroy the remaining cancer cells. Chemotherapy can also be given with the combination of radiation therapy.
- Photodynamic therapy. Medications are used to make the cancer cells weak enough to be destroyed by laser (high intensity light energy).
- Reconstructive surgery. In some cases of floor of the mouth cancer, reconstructive surgery may be performed to keep the function of the mouth based on the tumor size, location and cancer spread.
- Rehabilitation. Rehabilitation may be needed after surgery or radiation therapy to restore the body’s function and basic needs through speech therapy, swallowing therapy, dietetics, physical therapy and occupational therapy.