Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome

Overview

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a disorder characterized by extreme tiredness or exhaustion that does not go away with rest, and typically lasts for at least six months. 

Individuals experiencing ME/CFS might encounter challenges when it comes to accomplishing daily activities or even getting up from bed. The level of fatigue they experience tends to intensify after having physical or mental activity. Although the precise cause of ME/CFS remains unknown, professionals believe that a mixture of factors like infections and genetic predisposition might contribute to its development. 

A definitive cure for ME/CFS is currently unavailable. The approach to treatment primarily revolves around enhancing the manageability of symptoms to enhance overall quality of life. Nevertheless, it might be necessary to conduct tests in order to eliminate other medical conditions that present similar symptoms. 

Symptoms

Symptoms of CFS might differ greatly from person to person. It commonly includes: 

• Severe exhaustion that has persisted for at least six months and doesn’t get better with rest or sleep 
• Extreme fatigue following mental or physical effort 
• Difficulty with memory, concentration, and reasoning
• Dizziness that gets worse when one gets up from sitting or lying down
• Unrefreshing sleep
• Joint or muscle ache 

Other signs and symptoms may include:

• Increased sensitivity to sound, light, odors, food, and medications
• Headaches
• Sore throat
• Tender lymph nodes in the neck or armpits 
• Vision issues 
• Constipation, diarrhea, severe bloating, gas, and irritable bowel syndrome 
• Fainting and weakness 
• Anxiety, irritability, and mood changes 

If one experiences the signs and symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome, especially if they persist for more than six months, consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. Various medical conditions may resemble similar symptoms especially fatigue, ruling out other causes may be necessary.

Causes

ME/CFS has no known cause. According to research, several variables may contribute to CFS, such as: 

• Infections: Recovering from a bacterial or viral infection may result in ME/CFS.
• Physical/emotional trauma: People who suffered substantial emotional strain, underwent surgery, and sustained an injury developed ME/CFS.
• Problems with energy usage: Alterations on how the body produces and utilizes energy such as difficulty turning carbohydrates and fats into energy can lead to ME/CFS. 
• Genetics: The condition might have a hereditary component. It may be passed down among family members. 
• Other factors: Other possible causes include low blood pressure, stress, and immune system changes.

Risk factors

Several factors may contribute to one’s risk of developing ME/CFS, such as:

• Age: This illness can affect young children and teenagers, but it affects people between the ages of 40 and 60 far more frequently.
• Sex: Among gender, women are more prone to acquiring the condition.
• Other medical problems: ME/CFS may be more prone to develop in those with a history of other complicated medical conditions, such as fibromyalgia or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.