Primary progressive aphasia

Diagnosis  

Diagnosing primary progressive aphasia typically involves a review of symptoms and tests conducted by a neurologist or speech and language pathologist. A key characteristic of this condition is the gradual worsening of communication difficulties without significant changes in thinking and behavior over a period of one to two years. 

The diagnostic process for primary progressive aphasia involves several assessments and tests: 

• Neurological exam: Healthcare professionals will conduct a comprehensive neurological exam along with speech–language and neuropsychological evaluations. These tests assess speech, language comprehension, and related skills. They also evaluate object recognition, naming abilities, recall, and other relevant factors. 
• Blood tests: Blood tests may be ordered to check for infections or other medical conditions that could be contributing to the symptoms. Additionally, genetic tests might be performed to identify any genetic changes associated with primary progressive aphasia or other neurological disorders. 
• Brain scans: Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a valuable tool in diagnosing primary progressive aphasia. This imaging technique can detect the shrinking of specific brain areas, aiding in the diagnosis. Moreover, MRI scans can also detect other conditions that may be affecting brain function, such as strokes, tumors, or other abnormalities. 

Treatment 

Currently, there is no known cure for Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA), and there are no medications available to halt or reverse its progression. However, there are treatment approaches that can help manage the disease and potentially improve or preserve communication skills. 

• Medications: In managing behavioral changes, anxiety, or depression associated with primary progressive aphasia (PPA), certain medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be prescribed. Additionally, if PPA is caused by an underlying condition such as Alzheimer’s disease, medications approved for Alzheimer’s may be considered as part of the treatment plan. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized medical advice and appropriate medication options.  
• Speech and language therapy: In order to address the effects of primary progressive aphasia (PPA), working with a speech–language therapist might be helpful, particularly in creating techniques to make up for weakened language skills. Speech and language therapy is extremely important in treating the symptoms even though it cannot stop the disease’s progression. Additionally, therapy could help in slowing the progression of some PPA–related symptoms.  
• Physical and occupational therapy: When primary progressive aphasia (PPA) presents symptoms that impact movement and balance, seeking assistance from a physical therapist and occupational therapist can aid in managing these symptoms. These professionals can provide guidance and interventions to help address mobility and motor difficulties associated with PPA.